Leonard Bernstein: Candide (1989 Scottish Opera Edition) Study Score. Boosey & Hawkes HPS 1180 Leonard Bernstein worked on the scores of Candide and West Side Story simultaneously, setting the latter aside to complete the former, which opened on Broadway in 1956.

Piano Vocal Score Music by Leonard Bernstein Orchestrations by Bruce Coughlin Book Adapted from Voltaire by Hugh Wheeler In a New Version by John Caird Lyrics by Richard Wilbur With Additional Lyrics by Stephen Sondheim, John Latouche, Lillian Hellman, Dorothy Parker & Leonard Bernstein NOTICE: DO NOT DEFACE! • Should you find it necessary to mark cues or cuts, use a soft black lead pencil only. NOT FOR SALE • This book is rented for the period specified in your contract. It remains the property of: Music Theatre International 421 West 54th Street New York, NY 10019 (212) 541-4684 www.MTIShows.com As performed at the Royal National Theatre April 13, 1999 Copyright © Amberson Holdings LLC.

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• • Candide is an with music composed by, based on the 1759. The operetta was first performed in 1956 with a by; but since 1974 it has been generally performed with a book by which is more faithful to Voltaire's novel.

The primary lyricist was the poet. Other contributors to the text were,,,,,, and Bernstein himself. And contributed orchestrations.

Although unsuccessful at its premiere, Candide has now overcome the unenthusiastic reaction of early audiences and critics and achieved enormous popularity. It is very popular among major music schools as a student show because of the quality of its music and the opportunities it offers to student singers. Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Origins [ ] Candide was originally conceived by as a play with incidental music in the style of her previous work,. Bernstein, however, was so excited about this idea that he convinced Hellman to do it as a 'comic operetta'; she then wrote the original libretto for the operetta. Many lyricists worked on the show: first (whose work was ultimately not used), then,. In addition, the lyrics to 'I Am Easily Assimilated' were done by Leonard and, and Hellman wrote the words to 'Eldorado'. Orchestrated all but the, which Bernstein did himself.

Performance history [ ] 1956 Original Broadway production [ ] Candide first opened on as a on December 1, 1956 at the. The premiere production was directed by and conducted. The sets and costumes were designed by and, respectively. It was choreographed.

It featured as Candide, as, as, and as the Old Lady. This production was a box office disaster, running only two months for a total of 73 performances. Hellman's libretto was criticized in a review as being too serious: When Voltaire is ironic and bland, [Hellman] is explicit and vigorous. Roboinfo 5 crack. When he makes lightning, rapier thrusts, she provides body blows. Where he is diabolical, [she] is humanitarian. The libretto. Seems too serious for the verve and mocking lyricism of Leonard Bernstein's score which, without being strictly 18th century, maintains, with its gay pastiche of past styles and forms, a period quality.

European premieres [ ] The first London production debuted at the on on 30 April 1959 (after playing for a short time at the and the ). This production used Lillian Hellman's book with an additional credit 'assisted by Michael Stewart', and it was directed by with choreography. The cast included as Candide, as Cunegonde, as Dr. Pangloss and as the Old Lady. The Musical Director was Alexander Faris.

It ran for 60 performances. [ ] Later productions [ ].